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Black-Box Testing
techniques
When creating black-box
test cases, the input data used is critical. Three successful techniques
for managing the amount of input data required include:
Equivalence Partitioning
An equivalence class is a subset of data that is representative of a larger
class.Equivalence partitioning is a technique for testing equivalence
classes rather thanundertaking exhaustive testing of each value of the
larger class. For example, aprogram which edits credit limits within a
given range (1,000 - 1,500) would have three equivalence classes:
< 1,000 (invalid)
Between 1,000 and 1,500 (valid)
> 1,500 (invalid)
Boundary Analysis
A technique that consists of developing test cases and data that focus
on the input and output boundaries of a given function. In same credit
limit example, boundary analysis would test:
Low boundary +/- one (999 and 1,001)
On the boundary (1,000 and 1,500)
Upper boundary +/- one (1,499 and 1,501)
Error Guessing
Test cases can be developed based upon the intuition and experience of
the tester. For example, in an example where one of the inputs is the
date, a tester may try February 29, 2000
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White-Box Testing
techniques
White-box testing assumes
that the path of logic in a unit or program is known. White-box testing
consists of testing paths, branch by branch, to produce predictable results.
The following are white-box testing techniques:
Statement Coverage
Execute all statements at least once.
Decision Coverage
Execute each decision direction at least once.
Condition Coverage
Execute each decision with all possible outcomes at least once.
Decision/Condition
Coverage
Execute all possible combinations of condition outcomes in each decision.
Treat all iterations as two-way conditions exercising the loop zero times
and one time.
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